程序员快速参考小手册 更新中
有的命令一个月可能就用那么几次，不写手册里谁能记得住啊 AI 常用提示词 写代码提示词 1. 给代码加上详细的注释，尽量保证每一行都要有注释，如果显得太罗嗦就不用每行都写； 2. 要写便于阅读、便于理解的代码； 老师提示词 你现在是老师，教我这个问题。教学过程中注意： 1. 涉及代码、算法、线程、内存或调用链时，生成mermaid图像或者html+js（简单css即可）的互动网页； 2. 上课注重师生之间及时反馈，课程节奏小步快走； 3. 讲解过程中，先说人话，再说术语； 4. 一阶段结束后进行小练习，趁热打铁。 学习路线提示词 请设计一条以“能实际使用”为目标的学习路线。 要求： 按依赖关系排序 区分必须掌握和进阶内容 避免学习低收益知识 每个阶段说明学到什么程度算合格 给出可以验证掌握程度的小项目或练习 不要简单给课程目录。 查漏补缺提示词 我已经学过这个主题。 请不要从头讲教材。 先帮我建立完整知识地图，然后判断： 我必须掌握什么 哪些知识容易漏掉 哪些知识经常被错误理解 哪些知识在实际工作中最重要 哪些属于低优先级细节 帮我找到知识盲区，而不是重复基础内容。 Claude Code # 安装状态栏 npx -y ccstatusline@latest VSCode 解决 code-runner Java Output 乱码 "code-runner.executorMap": { "javascript": "node", "java": "\"C:/Program Files/Java/jdk-17/bin/java.exe\" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8", Windows chrome # 强制打开动画 # target "C:\Program Files\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe" --force-prefers-no-reduced-motion 常用工具 # 激活 irm https://get.activated.win | iex # 安装各种玩意 irm https://christitus.com/win | iex # scoop Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser; iex (irm get.scoop.sh) # choco Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1')) # ohmyposh winget install JanDeDobbeleer.OhMyPosh -s winget oh-my-posh init pwsh | Invoke-Expression oh-my-posh font install # 展示配置 winget install Fastfetch # usql Set-ExecutionPolicy -ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser; irm get.scoop.sh | iex 快速完成端口转发 netsh interface portproxy add v4tov4 ` listenaddress=0.0.0.0 ` listenport=2375 ` connectaddress=127.0.0.1 ` connectport=2375 refreshenv Install-Script Refresh-EnvironmentVariables -Force 查端口占用 杀进程 netstat -aon | findstr :8080 taskkill /PID 39656 /F 自定义常用命令别名 notepad $PROFILE function gacp { param ( [string]$msg = "update" ) git add . git commit -m $msg git push } # 删除当前文件夹下空文件夹 function rme { Get-ChildItem -Directory -Recurse | Where-Object { $_.GetFileSystemInfos().Count -eq 0 } | Remove-Item } 文件整理类常用PS脚本 移动子目录所有文件到当前目录 # randomize_filename.ps1 # Rename every file in the current folder to a unique random number (extension preserved). # Usage: place this script in the target folder and run .\randomize_filename.ps1 $currentDir = (Get-Location).Path $scriptPath = $PSCommandPath Write-Host ("Scanning: {0}" -f $currentDir) -ForegroundColor Cyan # Get all files in the current folder, but skip the script itself so we don't rename our own executable. $files = Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath $currentDir -File | Where-Object { $_.FullName -ne $scriptPath } if (-not $files) { Write-Host "No files to rename." -ForegroundColor Yellow return } Write-Host ("Found {0} file(s)" -f $files.Count) # Digit count scales with file count so random collisions stay rare. # Roughly: digits = ceil(log10(N^2)) -> birthday-paradox-safe for typical inputs. $count = $files.Count $digits = [Math]::Max(4, [int][Math]::Ceiling([Math]::Log10($count * $count))) $min = [int][Math]::Pow(10, $digits - 1) $max = [int][Math]::Pow(10, $digits) - 1 Write-Host ("Using {0}-digit numbers ({1}..{2})" -f $digits, $min, $max) # Pre-compute unique new names. The "used" set contains every current name on disk # AND every target name we've already picked, so collisions are impossible by construction. $used = @{} foreach ($file in $files) { $used[$file.Name] = $true } $renameMap = [ordered]@{} foreach ($file in $files) { do { $num = Get-Random -Minimum $min -Maximum ($max + 1) $numStr = $num.ToString().PadLeft($digits, '0') $newName = "$numStr$($file.Extension)" } while ($used.ContainsKey($newName)) $used[$newName] = $true $renameMap[$file.FullName] = $newName } # Apply renames. .NET Move() bypasses PowerShell wildcard parsing (safe for [ ] in names). $renamed = 0 $failed = 0 foreach ($source in $renameMap.Keys) { $newName = $renameMap[$source] $dest = Join-Path $currentDir $newName try { [System.IO.File]::Move($source, $dest) Write-Host (" {0} -> {1}" -f (Split-Path $source -Leaf), $newName) $renamed++ } catch { $failed++ Write-Warning (" Failed: {0} ({1})" -f $source, $_.Exception.Message) } } Write-Host ("`nDone: renamed {0}, failed {1}" -f $renamed, $failed) -ForegroundColor Green 将文件夹下所有文件进行随机重命名（带容灾恢复） # randomize_filename.ps1 # Rename every non-.ps1 file in the current folder to a unique random number (extension preserved). # Maintains restore_filenames.txt so the change is reversible. # Usage: place this script in the target folder and run .\randomize_filename.ps1 $currentDir = (Get-Location).Path $restoreFile = Join-Path $currentDir 'restore_filenames.txt' Write-Host ("Folder: {0}" -f $currentDir) -ForegroundColor Cyan # ----- Restore mode: if a restore map exists, offer to undo first ----- if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $restoreFile) { $answer = Read-Host ("restore_filenames.txt detected. Restore original names? [Y/N]") if ($answer -match '^[Yy]') { $lines = Get-Content -LiteralPath $restoreFile -Encoding UTF8 $restored = 0 $failed = 0 foreach ($line in $lines) { $trimmed = $line.Trim() if (-not $trimmed -or $trimmed.StartsWith('#')) { continue } $parts = $trimmed -split "`t", 2 if ($parts.Count -ne 2) { Write-Warning ("Skipping malformed line: {0}" -f $line) $failed++ continue } $original = $parts[0] $current = $parts[1] $currentPath = Join-Path $currentDir $current $originalPath = Join-Path $currentDir $original if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $currentPath)) { Write-Warning ("Source missing: {0}" -f $currentPath) $failed++ continue } if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $originalPath) { Write-Warning ("Target already exists: {0}" -f $originalPath) $failed++ continue } try { [System.IO.File]::Move($currentPath, $originalPath) Write-Host (" {0} -> {1}" -f $current, $original) $restored++ } catch { Write-Warning ("Failed: {0} ({1})" -f $current, $_.Exception.Message) $failed++ } } if ($failed -eq 0) { Remove-Item -LiteralPath $restoreFile -Force Write-Host ("`nAll {0} file(s) restored. Removed restore_filenames.txt." -f $restored) -ForegroundColor Green } else { Write-Host ("`nPartial restore: {0} succeeded, {1} failed. Keeping restore_filenames.txt." -f $restored, $failed) -ForegroundColor Yellow } return } Write-Host "Proceeding with rename (restore file will be overwritten)." -ForegroundColor Yellow } # ----- Rename mode ----- # Collect files. Skip ALL .ps1 files and the restore file itself. $allFiles = Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath $currentDir -File $files = $allFiles | Where-Object { $_.Extension -ne '.ps1' -and $_.Name -ne 'restore_filenames.txt' } if (-not $files) { Write-Host "No files to rename." -ForegroundColor Yellow return } Write-Host ("Found {0} file(s) to rename (excluded .ps1 and restore_filenames.txt)" -f $files.Count) # Digit count scales with file count so random collisions stay rare. $count = $files.Count $digits = [Math]::Max(4, [int][Math]::Ceiling([Math]::Log10($count * $count))) $min = [int][Math]::Pow(10, $digits - 1) $max = [int][Math]::Pow(10, $digits) - 1 Write-Host ("Using {0}-digit numbers ({1}..{2})" -f $digits, $min, $max) # Pre-compute unique new names. The "used" set includes EVERY name on disk # (including .ps1 files and the restore file, which we are NOT renaming), # plus every target name we pick, so collisions are impossible by construction. $used = @{} foreach ($f in $allFiles) { $used[$f.Name] = $true } $renameMap = [ordered]@{} foreach ($file in $files) { do { $num = Get-Random -Minimum $min -Maximum ($max + 1) $numStr = $num.ToString().PadLeft($digits, '0') $newName = "$numStr$($file.Extension)" } while ($used.ContainsKey($newName)) $used[$newName] = $true $renameMap[$file.FullName] = $newName } # Write restore file BEFORE renaming, so even partial renames leave us with a recoverable map. # Tab-separated: original<TAB>new (filenames only, no paths) $timestamp = Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss' $headerLines = @( "# randomize_filename.ps1 restore map" "# created: $timestamp" "# directory: $currentDir" "# format: original`tnew (tab-separated)" "# comment lines starting with '#' are ignored on restore" ) $mappingLines = $renameMap.GetEnumerator() | ForEach-Object { $original = Split-Path $_.Key -Leaf "{0}`t{1}" -f $original, $_.Value } Set-Content -LiteralPath $restoreFile -Value ($headerLines + $mappingLines) -Encoding UTF8 # Apply renames. .NET Move() bypasses PowerShell wildcard parsing (safe for [ ] in names). $renamed = 0 $failed = 0 foreach ($source in $renameMap.Keys) { $newName = $renameMap[$source] $dest = Join-Path $currentDir $newName try { [System.IO.File]::Move($source, $dest) Write-Host (" {0} -> {1}" -f (Split-Path $source -Leaf), $newName) $renamed++ } catch { $failed++ Write-Warning (" Failed: {0} ({1})" -f $source, $_.Exception.Message) } } Write-Host ("`nDone: renamed {0}, failed {1}." -f $renamed, $failed) -ForegroundColor Green Write-Host ("Restore map saved to: {0}" -f $restoreFile) -ForegroundColor Cyan # randomize_filename.ps1 # Rename every non-.ps1 file in the current folder to a unique random number (extension preserved). # Maintains restore_filenames.txt so the change is reversible. # Usage: place this script in the target folder and run .\randomize_filename.ps1 $currentDir = (Get-Location).Path $restoreFile = Join-Path $currentDir 'restore_filenames.txt' Write-Host ("Folder: {0}" -f $currentDir) -ForegroundColor Cyan # ----- Restore mode: if a restore map exists, offer to undo first ----- if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $restoreFile) { $answer = Read-Host ("restore_filenames.txt detected. Restore original names? [Y/N]") if ($answer -match '^[Yy]') { $lines = Get-Content -LiteralPath $restoreFile -Encoding UTF8 $restored = 0 $failed = 0 foreach ($line in $lines) { $trimmed = $line.Trim() if (-not $trimmed -or $trimmed.StartsWith('#')) { continue } $parts = $trimmed -split "`t", 2 if ($parts.Count -ne 2) { Write-Warning ("Skipping malformed line: {0}" -f $line) $failed++ continue } $original = $parts[0] $current = $parts[1] $currentPath = Join-Path $currentDir $current $originalPath = Join-Path $currentDir $original if (-not (Test-Path -LiteralPath $currentPath)) { Write-Warning ("Source missing: {0}" -f $currentPath) $failed++ continue } if (Test-Path -LiteralPath $originalPath) { Write-Warning ("Target already exists: {0}" -f $originalPath) $failed++ continue } try { [System.IO.File]::Move($currentPath, $originalPath) Write-Host (" {0} -> {1}" -f $current, $original) $restored++ } catch { Write-Warning ("Failed: {0} ({1})" -f $current, $_.Exception.Message) $failed++ } } if ($failed -eq 0) { Remove-Item -LiteralPath $restoreFile -Force Write-Host ("`nAll {0} file(s) restored. Removed restore_filenames.txt." -f $restored) -ForegroundColor Green } else { Write-Host ("`nPartial restore: {0} succeeded, {1} failed. Keeping restore_filenames.txt." -f $restored, $failed) -ForegroundColor Yellow } return } Write-Host "Proceeding with rename (restore file will be overwritten)." -ForegroundColor Yellow } # ----- Rename mode ----- # Collect files. Skip ALL .ps1 files and the restore file itself. $allFiles = Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath $currentDir -File $files = $allFiles | Where-Object { $_.Extension -ne '.ps1' -and $_.Name -ne 'restore_filenames.txt' } if (-not $files) { Write-Host "No files to rename." -ForegroundColor Yellow return } Write-Host ("Found {0} file(s) to rename (excluded .ps1 and restore_filenames.txt)" -f $files.Count) # Digit count scales with file count so random collisions stay rare. $count = $files.Count $digits = [Math]::Max(4, [int][Math]::Ceiling([Math]::Log10($count * $count))) $min = [int][Math]::Pow(10, $digits - 1) $max = [int][Math]::Pow(10, $digits) - 1 Write-Host ("Using {0}-digit numbers ({1}..{2})" -f $digits, $min, $max) # Pre-compute unique new names. The "used" set includes EVERY name on disk # (including .ps1 files and the restore file, which we are NOT renaming), # plus every target name we pick, so collisions are impossible by construction. $used = @{} foreach ($f in $allFiles) { $used[$f.Name] = $true } $renameMap = [ordered]@{} foreach ($file in $files) { do { $num = Get-Random -Minimum $min -Maximum ($max + 1) $numStr = $num.ToString().PadLeft($digits, '0') $newName = "$numStr$($file.Extension)" } while ($used.ContainsKey($newName)) $used[$newName] = $true $renameMap[$file.FullName] = $newName } # Write restore file BEFORE renaming, so even partial renames leave us with a recoverable map. # Tab-separated: original<TAB>new (filenames only, no paths) $timestamp = Get-Date -Format 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss' $headerLines = @( "# randomize_filename.ps1 restore map" "# created: $timestamp" "# directory: $currentDir" "# format: original`tnew (tab-separated)" "# comment lines starting with '#' are ignored on restore" ) $mappingLines = $renameMap.GetEnumerator() | ForEach-Object { $original = Split-Path $_.Key -Leaf "{0}`t{1}" -f $original, $_.Value } Set-Content -LiteralPath $restoreFile -Value ($headerLines + $mappingLines) -Encoding UTF8 # Apply renames. .NET Move() bypasses PowerShell wildcard parsing (safe for [ ] in names). $renamed = 0 $failed = 0 foreach ($source in $renameMap.Keys) { $newName = $renameMap[$source] $dest = Join-Path $currentDir $newName try { [System.IO.File]::Move($source, $dest) Write-Host (" {0} -> {1}" -f (Split-Path $source -Leaf), $newName) $renamed++ } catch { $failed++ Write-Warning (" Failed: {0} ({1})" -f $source, $_.Exception.Message) } } Write-Host ("`nDone: renamed {0}, failed {1}." -f $renamed, $failed) -ForegroundColor Green Write-Host ("Restore map saved to: {0}" -f $restoreFile) -ForegroundColor Cyan 清理空文件夹 # clear_empty_folders.ps1 # Delete every empty folder under the current directory. # A folder is "empty" if it contains no files and no subfolders (recursively empty). # Usage: place this script in the target folder and run .\clear_empty_folders.ps1 $currentDir = (Get-Location).Path Write-Host ("Scanning: {0}" -f $currentDir) -ForegroundColor Cyan $removed = 0 do { # -LiteralPath avoids wildcard parsing for paths containing [ ] etc. # -Force includes hidden/system items so truly empty dirs are caught. $emptyDirs = Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath $currentDir -Recurse -Directory | Where-Object { -not (Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath $_.FullName -Force) } if (-not $emptyDirs) { break } foreach ($dir in $emptyDirs) { # Never delete the directory the script is running from if ($dir.FullName -eq $currentDir) { continue } try { # .NET API: deletes only if the folder is actually empty [System.IO.Directory]::Delete($dir.FullName) Write-Host (" Removed: {0}" -f $dir.FullName) $removed++ } catch { Write-Warning ("Failed to remove {0}: {1}" -f $dir.FullName, $_.Exception.Message) } } } while ($true) Write-Host ("`nDone: removed {0} empty folder(s)" -f $removed) -ForegroundColor Green # clear_empty_folders.ps1 # Delete every empty folder under the current directory. # A folder is "empty" if it contains no files and no subfolders (recursively empty). # Usage: place this script in the target folder and run .\clear_empty_folders.ps1 $currentDir = (Get-Location).Path Write-Host ("Scanning: {0}" -f $currentDir) -ForegroundColor Cyan $removed = 0 do { # -LiteralPath avoids wildcard parsing for paths containing [ ] etc. # -Force includes hidden/system items so truly empty dirs are caught. $emptyDirs = Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath $currentDir -Recurse -Directory | Where-Object { -not (Get-ChildItem -LiteralPath $_.FullName -Force) } if (-not $emptyDirs) { break } foreach ($dir in $emptyDirs) { # Never delete the directory the script is running from if ($dir.FullName -eq $currentDir) { continue } try { # .NET API: deletes only if the folder is actually empty [System.IO.Directory]::Delete($dir.FullName) Write-Host (" Removed: {0}" -f $dir.FullName) $removed++ } catch { Write-Warning ("Failed to remove {0}: {1}" -f $dir.FullName, $_.Exception.Message) } } } while ($true) Write-Host ("`nDone: removed {0} empty folder(s)" -f $removed) -ForegroundColor Green Linux 查看自定义服务 find /etc/systemd/system -maxdepth 1 -type f -name "*.service" ADB adb自动发现 adb start-server adb mdns services adb devices 常用工具 # 方便过滤日志 apt install lnav # 分析系统存储 apt install ncdu Linux开辟虚拟内存（Swap） free -h Linux实现FRP内网穿透 的是让国内用户能连到一台没有公网 IP 的家庭电脑——用的是反向内网穿透: ...